Imagine it’s 1787, and the delegates at the Constitutional Convention are tired and worried. They’ve spent months designing the framework of the new U.S. government, but some still have doubts. One of their biggest fears is that the federal government they’re building could one day become too powerful—just like the British government they fought against. Among them, George Mason of Virginia warns, “What if the federal government refuses to fix its own mistakes or grows corrupt? What do we do then?”
After much debate, the delegates come up with Article V—a rule that allows changes, or amendments, to the Constitution. This article is special because it gives two different ways to propose amendments:
- Congress can propose amendments with a two-thirds vote.
- States can bypass Congress by calling a convention if two-thirds (34 states) agree to hold one.
This compromise was key to securing the support of skeptics like Mason, who wanted to ensure that states had the power to act if the federal government became tyrannical or stopped listening to the people. By giving states the ability to propose changes, the Founders made sure the government would stay flexible and accountable over time.
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